Social Capital and Health: Analyzing the Social Network of Chronically Ill People with Diabetes Type 2 in Bulgaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37075/RP.2015.3.02Keywords:
Health, Diabetes type 2 patients, Social capital, Social networksAbstract
This paper describes the development of ideas and issues attached to the construct of social capital. Special interest is given to the types of social capital and their effects on health. Qualitative analysis of biographical interviews of chronic illness patients with diabetes type 2 is done, the focus being to describe how different types of social capital, namely bonding, bridging and linking are used in networking in urban and rural areas. The proposed social capital support system’s interpretation is based on matching well-being, life satisfaction and happiness assessment of patients with diabetes type 2 and social capital components.References
Balkanska, Velina Kostadinova (2015). Social Entrepreneurship in Self-Management of Chronic Diseases in Conditions of Economic Crisis in Bulgaria (Based on Empirical Studies of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes). Sofia: V. Balkanska.
Nedelchev, Dragomir Kolev (2004). Social Capital and Economic Development. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of BAS. ISBN: 954-430-983-7
Turner, D. (1990). Social Identification and the Formation of Psychological Groups. The Group and the Individual in Social Psychology (Ed. Todorova, V. E.).
Berkman, Lisa F & Glass, Thomas (2000). Social Integration, Social Networks, Social Support, and Health. Social Epidemiology (Ed. L. F. Berkman and I. Kawachi), pp. 137–173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083316.003.0007
EA Beverly & LA Wray (2010). The role of collective efficacy in exercise adherence: a qualitative study of spousal support and type 2 diabetes management. Health Education Research, 25(2), 211-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyn032
EA Beverly, CK Miller, & LA Wray (2008). Spousal support and food-related behavior change in middle-aged and older adults living with type 2 diabetes. Health Education and Behavior, 35(5), 707-720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198107299787
Bjornskov, C. (2003). The happy few: Cross-country evidence on social capital and life satisfaction. KYKLOS, 56(1), 3–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00207
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of Capital. Readings in Economic Sociology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470755679.ch15
Boyle, James P, Thompson, Theodore J, Gregg, Edward W, Barker, Lawrence E, & Williamson, David F (2010). Projection of the year 2050 burden of diabetes in the US adult population: dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and prediabetes prevalence. Population Health Metrics, 8, 29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-8-29
Campbell, C., Wood, R., & Kelly, M. (1999). Social capital and health. London: Health Education Authority.
Christakis, Nicholas A. & Fowler, James H. (2007). The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 370-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa066082
Coleman, J (2000). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective (Ed. Dasgupta, P. and Serageldin, I.), pp. 13-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7222-1.50005-2
Coleman, James S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement), S95-S120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
Elgar, Frank J. (2010). Income Inequality, Trust, and Population Health in 33 Countries. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 2311-2315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.189134
Erickson, Bonnie (2003). Social Networks: The Value of Variety. Contexts, 2, 25-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2003.2.1.25
Eriksson, Malin, Dahlgren, Lars, & Emmelin, Maria (2013). Collective actors as driving forces for mobilizing social capital in a local community: what can be learned for health promotion?. Social capital and rural development (Ed. Westlund, H. and Kobayashi, K.), pp. 273-293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782540601.00020
Eriksson, Malin, Dahlgren, Lars, & Emmelin, Maria (2009). Understanding the role of social capital for health promotion beyond Putnam: A qualitative case study from northern Sweden. Social Theory & Health, 7, 318-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/sth.2009.6
Eriksson, Malin, Dahlgren, Lars, Janlert, Urban, Weinehall, Lars, & Emmelin, Maria (2010). Social Capital, Gender and Educational Level Impact on Self-Rated Health. The Open Public Health Journal, 3, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874944501003010001
Farajzadegan, Ziba, Jafari, Najmeh, Nazer, Saeed, Keyvanara, Mahmoud, & Zamani, Ahmadreza (2012). Social capital - a neglected issue in diabetes control: a cross-sectional survey in Iran. Health & Social Care in the Community, 21(1), 98-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2012.01091.x
Ferlander, S. (2007). The Importance of Different Forms of Social Capital for Health. Acta Sociologica, 50, 115–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699307077654
Fone, David, Dunstan, Frank, Lloyd, Keith, Williams, Gareth, Watkins, John, & Palmer, Stephen (2007). Does social cohesion modify the association between area income deprivation and mental health? A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 338–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym004
Forbes, Angus & Wainwright, Steven P (2001). On the methodological, theoretical and philosophical context of health inequalities research: a critique. Social Science & Medicine, 53, 801–816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00383-X
Foss, Christina, Knutsen, Ingrid, Kennedy, Anne, Todorova, Elka, Wensing, Michel, Lionis, Christos, Portillo, Mari Carmen, Serrano‐Gil, Manuel, Koetsenruijter, Jan, Mujika, Agurtzane, & Rogers, Anne (2015). Connectivity, contest and the ties of self‐management support for type 2 diabetes: a meta‐synthesis of qualitative literature. Health & Social Care in the Community. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12272
Gallant, Mary P., Spitze, Glenna D., & Prohaska, Thomas R. (2007). Help or Hindrance? How Family and Friends Influence Chronic Illness Self-Management among Older Adults. Research on Aging, 29(5), 375-409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027507303169
G Harold (1963). A conception of, and experiments with," trust" as a condition of stable concerted actions. Motivation and Social Interaction: Cognitive Determinants (Ed. Harvey, O.J.), pp. 187–238.
Gorawara-Bhat, Rita, Huang, Elbert S., & Chin, Marshall H. (2008). Communicating with older diabetes patients: Self-management and social comparison. Patient Education and Counseling, 72(3), 411-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.05.011
Granovetter, Mark (1983). The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited. Sociological Theory, 1, 201-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/202051
C Grootaert (2002). Social capital: From definition to measurement. Understanding and measuring social capital: a multidisciplinary tool for practitioners (Ed. Grootaert, C. and van Bastelaer, T.), pp. 41-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5068-4
Gundelach, Peter & Kreiner, Svend (2004). Happiness and Life Satisfaction in Advanced European Countries. Cross-Cultural Research, 38(4), 359–386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397104267483
Helliwell, John F. (2006). Well-Being and Social Capital: Does Suicide Pose a Puzzle?. Social Indicators Research, 81, 455–496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-0022-y
Holtgrave, David R. & Crosby, Richard (2006). Is Social Capital a Protective Factor Against Obesity and Diabetes? Findings From an Exploratory Study. Annals of Epidemiology, 16, 406–408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.04.017
Jones, Randy A., Utz, Sharon W., Williams, Ishan C., Hinton, Ivora, Alexander, Gina, Moore, Cynthia, Blankenship, Jean, Steeves, Rick, & Oliver, Norman (2008). Family Interactions Among African Americans Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 34(2), 318-326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721708314485
Kavanagh, Anne M, Bentley, Rebecca, Turrell, Gavin, Broom, Dorothy H, & Subramanian, S V (2006). Does gender modify associations between self rated health and the social and economic characteristics of local environments?. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 490-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.043562
Kawachi, Ichiro & Berkman, Lisa (2000). Social Cohesion, Social Capital, and Health. Social epidemiology (Ed. Berkman, L.F. and Kawachi, I.), pp. 174-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083316.003.0008
Kawachi, I, Kennedy, B P, Lochner, K, & Prothrow-Stith, D (1997). Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.9.1491
Kawachi, I., Kim, D., Coutts, A., & Subramanian, S. V. (2004). Commentary: reconciling the three accounts of social capital. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 682–690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh177
Kennelly, Brendan, O’Shea, Eamon, & Garvey, Eoghan (2003). Social capital, life expectancy and mortality: a cross-national examination. Social Science & Medicine, 56(12), 2367–2377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00241-1
Kim, Daniel, Subramanian, S.V., & Kawachi, Ichiro (2008). Social Capital and Physical Health. Social capital and health (Ed. Kawachi, I. and Subramanian, S. V. and Kim, D.), pp. 13990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71311-3_8
Laroche, Helena H., Davis, Matthew M., Forman, Jane, Palmisano, Gloria, & Heisler, Michele (2008). What about the children? The experience of families involved in an adult-focused diabetes intervention. Public Health Nutrition, 11(4), 427-436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007000791
Löckenhoff, Corinna E. & Carstensen, Laura L. (2004). Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, Aging, and Health: The Increasingly Delicate Balance Between Regulating Emotions and Making Tough Choices. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1395–1424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00301.x
M Marmot (2005). Status syndrome: How your social standing directly affects your health. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415–444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
Miller, Carla K. & Davis, Melissa S. (2005). The Influential Role of Social Support in Diabetes Management. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 20(2), 157-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00008486-200504000-00009
Mitchell, Carey Usher & LaGory, Mark (2002). Social Capital and Mental Distress in an Impoverished Community. City and Community, 1, 199–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00017
Morrow, Virginia (1999). Conceptualising Social Capital in Relation to the Well-Being of Children and Young People: A Critical Review. The Sociological Review, 44, 744–765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.00194
OT Muldoon, K Schmid, & C Downes (2009). Political violence and psychological well-being: The role of social identity. Applied Psychology, 58, 129–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00385.x
Pickett, K. & Pearl, M. (2001). Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, 111–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.2.111
Pollack, Craig Evan & von dem Knesebeck, Olaf (2004). Social capital and health among the aged: comparisons between the United States and Germany. Health & Place, 10(4), 383–391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.08.008
Poortinga, Wouter (2006). Social capital: An individual or collective resource for health?. Social Science & Medicine, 62(2), 292–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.008
Poortinga, Wouter, Dunstan, Frank D., & Fone, David L. (2008). Neighbourhood deprivation and self-rated health: The role of perceptions of the neighbourhood and of housing problems. Health & Place, 14, 562–575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.10.003
Portes, Alejandro (1998). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1
Putnam, R. (1993). Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital. NY: Simon and Schuster.
Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: Collapse and Revival of the American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990
Putnam, R. D (2004). Commentary: 'Health by association': some comments. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 667–671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh204
Putnam, RD (2016). Our kids: The American dream in crisis. N.Y.: Simon and Schuster. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2016.1224000
Rogers, Anne, Brooks, Helen, Vassilev, Ivaylo, Kennedy, Anne, Blickem, Christian, & Reeves, David (2014). Why less may be more: a mixed methods study of the work and relatedness of ‘weak ties’ in supporting long-term condition self-management. Implementation Science, 9(19). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-9-19
Rojas, Yerko & Carlson, Per (2005). The stratification of social capital and its consequences for self-rated health in Taganrog, Russia. Social Science & Medicine, 62(11), 2732–2741. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.007
Sanders, Anne E., Lim, Sungwoo, & Sohn, Woosung (2008). Resilience to Urban Poverty: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations for Population Health. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1101–1106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.119495
Skrabski, Á, Kopp, M, & Kawachi, I (2004). Social capital and collective efficacy in Hungary: cross sectional associations with middle aged female and male mortality rates. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 58(4), 340–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2003.010017
Sparud‐Lundin, Carina, Öhrn, Ingbritt, & Danielson, Ella (2009). Redefining relationships and identity in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(1), 128-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05166.x
EP Stoller & AA Wisniewski (2003). The structure of lay consultation networks: managing illness in community settings. Aging Health, 15, 482-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264303253504
Stone, W. (2001). Measuring Social Capital. Australian Institute of Family Studies.
Szreter, S. & Woolcock, M. (2004). Health by association? Social capital, social theory, and the political economy of public health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 650–667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh013
Turner, Bryan (2003). Social Capital, Inequality and Health: the Durkheimian Revival. Social Theory & Health, 1, 4-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700001
Uslaner, E. (2002). The Moral Foundations of Trust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614934
Gauri, Varun, Woolcock, Michael, & Desai, Deval (2011). Intersubjective Meaning and Collective Action in 'fragile' societies: Theory, Evidence and Policy Implications. Policy Research Working Papers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5707
Vassilev, Ivaylo, Rogers, Anne, Kennedy, Anne, & Koetsenruijter, Jan (2014). The influence of social networks on self-management support: a metasynthesis. BMC Public Health, 14(719). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-719
Vassilev, Ivaylo, Rogers, Anne, Blickem, Christian, Brooks, Helen, Kapadia, Dharmi, Kennedy, Anne, Sanders, Caroline, Kirk, Sue, & Reeves, David (2013). Social Networks, the ‘Work’ and Work Force of Chronic Illness Self-Management: A Survey Analysis of Personal Communities. PLoS ONE, 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059723
Wakefield, Sarah E.L. & Poland, Blake (2005). Family, friend or foe? Critical reflections on the relevance and role of social capital in health promotion and community development. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 2819-2832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.012
Wilkinson, Richard G. (1996). Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality. NY: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203421680
M Woolcock (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. ISUMA: Can J Polic Health Res, 2, 11-7.
Yip, Winnie, Subramanian, S.V., Mitchell, Andrew D., Lee, Dominic T.S., Wang, Jian, & Kawachi, Ichiro (2007). Does social capital enhance health and well-being? Evidence from rural China. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 35-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.027
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Elka Todorova (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright to their works.
All publications are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
