The Phenomenon “Time” and its Parameters (Attempt for a Psychological Analysis)

Authors

  • Assoc. Prof. Dr Luchiyan Milkov Department of Public Administration and Regional Development, Faculty of Management and Administration, UNWE image/svg+xml Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37075/RP.2011.1.05

Abstract

A philosophical understanding of time models is characterized by a long and a complex way of interpretation of the personality’s knowledge activity. It is also characterized by the formation of temporal picture of the world and the person’s orientation in time.Time’s main models are explored: first one known in the phylogenesis –mythological. Then we move to other models such as cyclic, linear, axis, existence time. The phenomenon of ‘mixing times ‘ or ‘time existence’ is a result of another spatial model – not linear or branched time. The creation of social time is examined as part of the anthropocentric time.In the personality’s mentality psychological time reflects on the time relations of its life events. The human being and its life along with events occurring throughout that life build up living time. That is recognized as a simultaneousness, succession and duration of the events and the processes as well as speed and belonging to the present, past and the future. Towards these time features the following can be added – the experiences of compression, interruption and none- interruption, restriction and none restriction, acknowledgment of age, perception of life and death, perception of the probable life expectancy and the connection between one’s own life and the life of past and future generations as well as the whole mankind.

References

Abulhanova-Slavskaia, K. (2001). Personality Regulation of Time. Psychology of Personality in the Works of Domestic Psychologists.

Abulhanova-Slavskaia, A.K. (1991). Strategy of Life. Moscow: Mysl.

Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, K. & Berezina, T. N. (1991). Time of Personality and Time of Life.

Ananʹev, Boris Gerasimovich (1968). A Human Being as an Object of Knowledge. L.: LGU.

Aristotle (1983). Selected Works.

Artemov, V. (1987). Social Time: PROBLEMS of Study and Utilization. Novosibirsk: Nauka.

Atali, Jacques (2009). A Short History of the Future. Sofia: Riva. ISBN: 978-954-320-213-3

Attali, J. (1993). Lines of the Horizon. At the Threshold of the New Millennium.

Bergson, A. (1992). An Experiment in Metaphysics. Sobr. soch..

Bergson, Henri (1914). Creative Evolution.

Berdyayev, Nikolai (1990). Time and Eternity. At the Turning Point. Philosophical Discussions of the 1920s: Philosophy and Worldview.

Bestuzhev-Lada, I. (1976). Forecasting Social Needs.

Bible or the Holy Scripture of the Old and New Testament. (1924). Sofia: Pridvorna Pechatnitsa.

Blazheni, A. (1993). Confessions. Sofia: BPC.

Boiadzhiev, Ts. (1997). Augustine and the Problem of Time: Reflections on Book 11 of 'Confessions' [by Augustine, Aurelius]. Plovdiv: Filosofsko Obshchestvo.

Brodel, Fernand (1994). History and Social Sciences. Historical Duration. Philosophy and Methodology of History.

Byuller, Sh. (1924). The Course of Human Life as a Psychological Problem.

Vernadsky, V. (1994). Living Matter and the Biosphere. Moscow: Nauka. ISBN: 5-02-005754-1

Vernadskii, V. (1992). Study of Life Phenomena and the New Physics. Trudy po biogeokhimii i geokhimii pochv.

Vernadsky, V. (1988). The Problem of Time in Modern Science. Philosophical Thoughts of a Naturalist.

Viner, N. (1983). Information, Language, and Society. Cybernetics. Moscow: Nauka.

Golovahha, Y.; Kronik, A. (1984). Psychological Time of the Personality.

Gurevich, A. (2011). Categories of Medieval Culture. URL: http://justlife.narod.ru/gurevich/gurevich01.htm (accessed 2011-08-24)

Deleuze, Gilles & Guattari, F. (1995). What is Philosophy?. Sofia: Nova Humanitarka. ISBN: 954-587-014-1

Detlauf, T. (1989). Study of Temporal Regularities in Animal Development. Ontogenez, XX.

James, W. (1991). Psychology, Pedagogy.

Donchev, S. (1974). Human, Time, Activity: [Sociological Study of the Five-Day Work Week]. Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo.

Eliade, Mircea (2005). The Myth of Eternal Return: Archetypes and Repetition. Sofia: Zahariy Stoyanov. ISBN: 954-739-230-1

Erikson, Eric (1996). Identity: Youth and Crisis. Sofia: Ciela. ISBN: 954-02-0194-2

The Idea of Time: An Anthology. (1985). Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo.

Kasirer, Ernst (1996). Research on the Human Being. Sofia: GAL-IKO. ISBN: 954-8010-60-7

Castells, Manuel (2003). The Rise of the Information Society.

Kovalev, V. (1991). Personal Time as a Subject of Psychological Research. Psychology of Personality and Time. In: Abstracts of Reports and Messages of the All-Union Scientific-Theoretical Conference.

Levin, K. (2000). Theory of Fields in Social Sciences.

Leskov, Leonid Vasilievich (1998). Futurosynergetics of Western Civilization (Tasks of Synergetic Modeling). Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost.

Loy, A.N. (1978). Social and Historical Content of the Categories of 'Time' and 'Space'.

Lolayev, T. (2000). Time and Progress. Filosofiya i obshtestvo.

Lolaev, T.P. (2001). Why Time is Fundamentally Irreversible. Vestnik Vladikavkazskogo Tsentra.

Lolayev, T. (1999). Spatial-Temporal Structure of the Universe and the Law of Its Functioning.

Lolayev, T. (2000). Space as a Function of the Material Object. Filosofskie issledovaniya.

Milkova, R. & Milkov, L. (2007). Psychological and Socio-Pedagogical Problems of Educational Activity: Selected Issues. Sofia: Uni Express. ISBN: 978-954-9454-22-2

Mitrani, L. & Shekerdzhiski, Sh. (1984). Time. Sofia: Narodna Prosveta.

Nestik, Timofey Aleksandrovich (2003). Social Construction of Time. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya.

Nyutten, Zh. (1989). Motivation, Action and Perspective of the Future.

Popov, Z. & Boyadzhiev, Ts. (1985). Cultural and Historical Conditioning of Theoretical Problems of Time. The Idea of Time. Anthology.

Spatial-temporal organization of ontogenesis, M., 1998. (1998).

Radev, N. (2007). The Budget of Time. Sofia: University Publishing House "Stopanstvo".

Radev, N. (2005). Gender Differences and Social Work. Social Work with Children and Families. ISBN: 954-616-145-4

Rubinshteyn, S. (2000). Foundations of General Psychology. St. Petersburg: Piter. ISBN: 5-314-00016-4

Savova, I. (2007). Text and Time. Shumen: UI "Ep. K. Preslavski". ISBN: 978-954-577-471-3

Sartre, J. (2000). Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology. Moscow: Republika.

Staikov, Z. (2000). The Reproduction of Time-Capital-God in Unity. Sofia: Balkan pres.

Staikov, Z. (1989). Research on the Time Budget: [Monograph]. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Staikov, Z. (1973). Work and Free Time: [Popular Science Essay]. Sofia: Profizdat.

Stefanov, A. (2004). Philosophy of Time. Sofia: Paradigma. ISBN: 978-954-326-085-0

Stefanov, V. (1993). Knowledge and Time: [Study]. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press. ISBN: 954-07-0171-6

Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1995). Structural Anthropology. Sofia: Hristo Botev. ISBN: 954-445-325-3

Sukhomlinsky, V. (1968). And the Forest, and Every Tree. Pravda.

Tofler, Alvin (1991). The Third Wave. Sofia: IK "Peyo K. Yavorov".

Whitrow, J. (1964). Natural Philosophy of Time. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/201749b0

Fol, A. (1998). The Human Being in Types of Time. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press. ISBN: 954-07-1169-X

Fress, P., Zh. & Piaget, J. (1978). Experimental Psychology. Moscow: Progress.

Fukuyama, Francis (2006). The End of History and the Last Man. Sofia: Obsidian. ISBN: 954-769-117-1

Heidegger, Martin & Zashev, Dimitar Georgiev (2005). Being and Time. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of BAS. ISBN: 954-430-493-2

Hasanov, I. (2008). Biological Time (Text of the Report Read at the Meeting on 09.10.2007, Dedicated to the Memory of T. A. Detlaf).

Hasanov, I. (1998). Phenomenon of Time, Vol. I, Objective Time.

Hawking, S. (1994). A Brief History of Time. Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo. ISBN: 954-02-0102-0

Homik, V. & Kronik, A. (1988). Attitude to Time: Psychological Problems of Early Alcoholization and Deviant Behavior. Voprosy Psikhologii.

Tsukanov, B. (1985). Analysis of Errors in the Perception of Duration. Voprosy Psikhologii.

Teilhard de Chardin, P. (1994). The Human Phenomenon: [Essay]. Sofia: Arges.

Jung, C. (1995). Investigation into the Phenomenology of the Whole Personality. Pleven: Evraziya-Abagar.

Jaspers, Karl (1994). Origins of History and Its Goal. Meaning and Purpose of History.

Adam, B. (1988). Social versus natural time, a traditional distinction reexamined. Young and Schuller.

Evans, David R. (1961). Biological Clocks. Volume XXV. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/403447

Bünning, Erwin (1958). Die Physiologische Uhr. Berlin: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21804-4

Coser, Lewis & Coser, Rose (1990). Time Perspective and Social Structure. Hassard. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20869-2_13

Davies, P. (2009). About Time. Einstein's Unfinished Revolution.

Dumazedier, J. (1974). Sociologie empirique du loisir. Paris: Seuil. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3320680

Dumazedier, J. (1962). Vue une civilization du loisir?.

Durkheim, E. (1915). The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. London: G. Allen & Unwin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-191609000-00024

Evans-Pritchard, E. (1977). Theories of Primitive Religion.

Frank, L. (1939). Time perspectives. Journal of Social Philosophy.

Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and Self-Identity. Cambridge: Polity. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003320609-62

Grath, J. & Kelly, J. (1986). Time and Human Interaction. Toward a Social Psychology of Time. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2071593

Gurvitch, Georges (1963). The Spectrum of Social Time. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3623-8

Halbwachs, M. (1925). Les Cadres sociaux de la memoire. Paris: F. Alcan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110869439

Luckmann, T. (1991). The Constitution of Human Life in Time, Chronotypes. J. Bender and D.E. Welfhery (Eds.).

Mead, G. (1980). The Philosophy of the Present. Chicago: Prometheus Books. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2179709

Mead, G. (1965). Time. G.H. Mead on Social Psychology, Selected Papers (Ed. A. Strauss). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226187112.001.0001

Merton, R. (1984). Socially Expected Durations: a case study of concept formation in sociology. Conflict and Consensus: A Festschrift for Lewis Coser (Ed. W.W. Powell, R. Robbins).

Oaklander, L. Nathan (2004). The Ontology of Time. Amherst Prometheus Books.

Prigogine, I. (1989). Order out of Chaos. Brussels: Bantam Books. ISBN: 978-0-553-34082-2

Schutz, A. (1932). Der sinnhafte Aufbau der Sozialen Welt, Eine Einleitung in die verstehende Soziologie. Frankfurt am Main: J. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3108-4

Sorokin, Pitirim A. & Merton, Robert K. (1937). Social Time: A Methodological and Functional Analysis. American Journal of Sociology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/217540

Spengler, O. (1922). Untergang des Abendlandes. Munchen: Beck. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406693410

Toynbee, A. (1951). A study of History. Oxford: Barnes & Noble Books. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2604572

Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. Organization of memory (Ed. Tulving, E. and W. Donaldson).

Zimbardo, Philip G. & Boyd, John N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271

Published

2011-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Milkov, L. (2011). The Phenomenon “Time” and its Parameters (Attempt for a Psychological Analysis). Research Papers of UNWE, 1, 205-242. https://doi.org/10.37075/RP.2011.1.05